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Proteins interact with one another and with the DNA of the genes in complex regulatory pathways.
Very few of the responsible genes in complex diseases have been identified, and the two proposed schizophrenia genes, if confirmed, would be among the first.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an approach used to identify differentially expressed genes in complex experimental designs.
Genetic risk effects associated with druggable genes in complex diseases have also been considered in order to attempt drug repositioning [7].
The DNA microarray technique [41] has recently been utilized successfully in the search for new candidate genes in complex diseases.
No NFI gene is known in unicellular organisms indicating the importance of NFI genes in complex metazoan biology [2].
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In fishes, the d N of mt genes was lower than that of nu genes in complexes III and IV.
Although the fraction of genes in complexes which lead to a moderate negative fitness effect upon deletion is considerably smaller with 13%, there is still a significant enrichment compared to the 7% of genes not in complexes (Fig. 1).
Instead, we focused on determining if and in which way the presence of genes in complexes and their modular components influences the fitness of yeast strains.
One explanation for the lower d N of mt OXPHOS genes in complexes III and IV could be functional constraints on core subunits.
For YPD medium, the deletion of 49% of the genes in complexes leads to a strong negative fitness effect, whereas the same is true for only 17% of genes not present in complexes.
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