So, whereas the rhythms of annual growth cycles in vertebrates may originally have reflected environmental stress, it seems that these rhythms have become ingrained in the genes, even in the absence of stress.
The team theorised that if the circulation of antibiotic-resistance genes was a natural phenomenon, they would find these genes even in this isolated population.
However, they do not limit replicators to genes even in biological evolution.
Overexpression of the sig genes encoding ECF σ factors usually results in the stronger expression of the σ factor-specific genes, even in the absence of the respective stress signal.
As mentioned above, W-7 repressed the activity of LiP and MnP and transcription of lip and mnp genes even in the presence of cAMP and IBMX, which upregulated transcription of cam as well as lip and mnp genes.
Here we report that the master immune regulator NPR1 (non-expressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1) of Arabidopsis is a sensor of the plant's redox state and regulates transcription of core circadian clock genes even in the absence of pathogen challenge.
We demonstrate that RNAi-AtTOR plants with decreased expression of AtTOR have constitutive autophagy and increased expression of some ATG genes, even in the absence of stress conditions.
Because rRNA genes contain regions that are very highly conserved, "universal primers" can be used for PCR amplification of those genes even in environmental samples [9], [10].
As shown in Table S2 (supplementary material), inactivation of the PKA pathway increased the transcription levels of most Ste11 target genes, even in cells overexpressing Tor2.
To test this hypothesis, we asked whether over-expression of Hipk1 in X. laevis embryos could alter activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway target genes even in the presence of over-expressed β-catenin.
In subsets of VHL mutations, the lack of functional pVHL leads to accumulation of HIF, and results in the activation of HIFα target genes even in the presence of oxygen [12].
