Additionally, late in infection we observed higher expression in Bd-exposed frogs of genes coding for matrix proteins (165447) growth factors (163909), connexin (175537), collegen and fibrinogen (335826, 317405, 336019, 166058), and ornithine decarboxylase genes (284956, 295202, 196068).
Such OA osteoblastic phenotype is more marked in the subchondral bone plate than in the trabecular bone, located at one centimeter of the cortical plate (Lavigne et al. 2005), and consisting in the up-regulation of numerous genes coding for extracellular matrix proteins, secreted cytokines and growth factors, and cell membrane proteins.
Yet, in spite of these shared characters, genomic turnover continuously creates, eliminates and modifies genes coding for bone matrix proteins, a phenomenon called phenogenetic drift [ 61].
FAM13 (family with sequence similarity 13) was isolated from within a cluster of genes coding for extracellular matrix proteins involved in integrin receptor interactions (Cohen et al. 2004).
Perhaps more important to the predilection of the suprarenal aorta to aneurysm formation are the downregulation of a number of genes coding for structural extracellular matrix proteins including Lama3, Myo18b and the cytoskeletal protein Tuba8 (Table 2).
Most striking were changes in the expression of genes coding for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins or ECM-modifying enzymes.
Mutations in genes coding for cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), collagen IX and matrilin-3 have been described to cause the autosomal dominantly inherited form of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED).
The first one (cluster A) contained genes coding for proteins of the extracellular matrix (COL1A1, COL1A2, FN1, VIM, and MMP2) or involved in cellular mobility (MYH11, MYL9, and MYLK).
This group of diseases is largely caused by mutations in genes coding for proteins linking the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the muscle fiber membrane and further on to the contractile apparatus 4. Muscular dystrophies can affect distinct muscle groups and differ in severity from early lethality to mild forms with normal life expectancy 5.
Liver fibrosis is a disease characterized by collagen deposition [ 14] and we included in the multiplex assay multiple genes coding for proteins involved in extra cellular matrix formation, deposition and turnover (COL1A1, COL3A1, COL4A1, ACTA2 and TIMP1); and one gene encoding a component of the cytoskeleton (KRT18).
The RNAi screen targeted 86 genes involved in vesicular trafficking, including genes coding for VPS and ESCRT proteins, Rab GTPases, Exocyst proteins, and Clathrin adaptor proteins.
