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The research, published in the journal Cell Reports on Thursday, concerns a class of genes called the APOBEC family.
Dr. Cheryl Y. Hayashi, a professor of biology at the University of California at Riverside who studies silk genes, called the research "a big breakthrough".
Women are actually most attracted to the natural scents of men who have a different set of genes called the major histocompatability complex that codes for immunity.
The mechanism for the finding is by no means certain, but Roberts speculated that it could have something to do with a set of genes called the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a key component of a person's immune system.
To pursue this, the researchers analyzed the full set of genes, called the genome, of 10 breeds of domesticated dogs to locate the most-differentiated regions of their genes.
Yasuhiko Kawakami and colleagues at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, in La Jolla, CA, performed experiments in chickens and frogs in which they overactivated a set of genes, called the Wnt pathway, known to be involved in regular development and thought to be involved in regeneration.
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Dean Hamer, a behavioral geneticist at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, who pioneered the search for gay genes, calls the study "an elegant mathematical analysis".
And crucial to this task was the discovery by Orkin and colleagues that a small piece of the BCL11A gene, called the enhancer, controls foetal haemoglobin expression.
The researchers were focusing on the three variations of a gene called the COMT gene, which influences how certain neurotransmitters are activated in the brain.
In the latest of these experiments, which Dr. Kawaoka reports today, a gene called the hemagglutinin or HA gene seems to be largely responsible for the dire effects of Spanish flu, as the 1918 epidemic is also known.
Scientists first identified this gene, called the "fat mass and obesity-associated" gene, or FTO gene, several years ago, and as it turns out, it's distressingly common.
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