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In the subfunctionalization model [ 2- 4], duplicated genes adopt a subset of functions of the ancestral gene.
Other alternative carbon source genes adopt a similar mechanism of competitive induction including the conserved transcription factors AraR and XlnR, which positively control hemicellulase expression [ 14].
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The expression of genes adopted a connected loop design for comparative analysis between two time points.
The co-directional and divergent overlapping genes can arise by 5'-end elongations when the downstream gene adopts a new start codon within the upstream coding sequence [ 23], while the co-directional and the convergent overlapping genes can arise by 3'-end extensions after a loss codon event [ 16].
This implies that a fraction of male- and female-biased genes adopt sex-specific functions or become incorporated into sex-specific molecular pathways.
Hexaploid wheat does not show an overall genome-wide transcriptional dominance of A, B or D subgenomes although some homoeologous genes can adopt a specific expression pattern [ 18].
Under the assumption that acquired genes will adopt a more Neisseria-like composition, particularly with respect to third position mutations of the codon, one can hypothesize that genes exhibiting a composition most divergent from the genome norm are relatively recent acquisitions.
Subfunctionalization refers to a situation when each of the daughter genes adopts only a partial function of the parental gene, while neofunctionalization refers to the gain of new functions by the duplicate, usually related to their ancestor's function [ 4].
For example, TG repeats in the CSF1 gene promoter adopt a Z-DNA conformation when transcription is activated by BRG1, the ATP-dependent subunit of SWI/SNF [ 5].
In order to establish such higher-level functions for both genes and gene clusters, we adopt a novel approach that involves the identification of functionally related gene clusters.
The third column is the number of gene groups in the gene network when adopt a particular threshold.
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