What indirect comparisons actually do is adjust for the placebo response across trials under the assumption that the placebo response is a generic reflection of the characteristics of the study population without active intervention.
The effect of reflection on case-solving that we found, however, refers to the process of reflection, which is driven by more generic reflective skills.
A number of studies reported generic competencies such as critical reflection and critical thinking, which this study did not explore [ 21, 47- 53].
More importantly, given the lack of potential profits from the legislation, their absence may have been a reflection of the generic industry's interest in seeing the legislation pass.
The use of generic competencies such as: critical reflection [ 29, 46, 48], critical thinking and/or analysis [ 23, 29, 46, 50], the use of evidence [ 37, 46, 47] and critical appraisal of the literature [ 28] was reported in some articles.
This may be a reflection of the generic nature of the support being offered [ 22] so that carers consider it might be generally useful but not specifically valuable for them.
Boud et al. [ 7] defined reflection as "a generic term for those intellectual and affective activities in which individuals engage to explore their experiences in order to lead to a new understanding and appreciation" (p.19).
Whereas the content of reflection is context specific and influenced by its triggering experience and learners' unique frame of reference, the process of reflection has a more generic character [ 34, 35].
Focus on those generic skills makes it possible to assess reflections while recognizing the uniqueness of both a learner's frame of reference and the context in which their reflection was initiated [ 4].
In particular, the overall (unified) path loss can be expressed as follows: Figure 5 Generic propagation model (on-body and environment reflection superimposed).
