In addition, the ζ-potential in G3-G7 PAMAM dendrimer systems for various generations was calculated using several hundred nanosecond long fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations.
From the CFSE data the numbers of cells in each generation were calculated using the software ModFit.
Coalescent-based estimates of time since divergence of the two species and effective number of migrants per generation were calculated using IM.
For each participant's set of 66 responses, several separate measures of random number generation were calculated, using the RgCalc program created by Towse and Neil (1998).
In addition, pair-wise Nm values (gene flow), i.e. the average number of migrants exchanged among populations per generation, were calculated using Wright's method (1951), where Nm = (1 − GST /4 GST.
The mutation rates (per allele per generation) were calculated using the formula from Seyfert et al. (2008): µ = −[ln(1− n/ l)]/ t, where n is the number of mutations, t is the number of generations, and l is the number of lines.
Heat loss was assumed to be in the transient regime and the combustion heat generation was calculated using the simplest Arrhenius-type model.
The different contributions to the local rate of entropy generation are calculated using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of the fuel cell, accounting for energy transfer, fluid dynamics, current transfer, chemical reactions and electrochemistry.
The percentage inhibition of superoxide anion generation was calculated using the following formula.
S, which indicates the relative survival of resistant and sensitive parasites at each generation, was calculated using two estimates for parasite generation, namely 2 or 4 months i.e. 6 to 3 generations per year [38].
