Possible explanations for high levels of variation include diversification on the generation timescale in response to viral predation (Andersson & Banfield, 2008; Tyson & Banfield, 2008), neutral diversification (Acinas et al., 2004) or resource partitioning between closely related strains [<1%16SS rRNA gene divergence (Hunt et al., 2008)].
Thus, core impact heating could inhibit the dynamo generation during a timescale that is governed by the efficiency of the surrounding mantle to extract the impact induced core thermal anomaly (from several kyr up to 100 Myr).
However, given the short timescale (nine generations) and the fact that the speculated selective pressure is no longer present in the population, it is very difficult to draw any conclusion regarding the possible role of selection in the spread of this variant.
The spread of genetic disorders is driven by processes such as migration and selection over timescales of generations.
The mechanisms of unidirectional spread of genes among prokaryotes may be slow at the level of individual generations, but over geological timescales, their cumulative effects are vast.
Thus, a population of N e = 100 effective individuals with τ = 0.01 years per generation will have a timescale of coalescence of N eτ = 1 year.
On short timescales (several generations), we might expect that individuals in resource-rich environments should all be able to produce highly exaggerated ornaments.
The introgression and physical movement of the hybrids (assisted by active processes of pollination, seed dispersal and selective advantage) into a parent population occurs over many plant generations, operating within slow timescales, such as apply to geophysical changes.
As more variable renewable energy (VRE) such as wind and solar are integrated into electric power systems, technical challenges arise from the need to maintain the balance between load and generation at all timescales.
These events occur on the timescale of N generations.
