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This was repeated until the 3rd generation spheres were established.
On days 7 10, 1st generation spheres were dissociated into single cells, resuspended in the sphere-forming media and observed for subsequent sphere generation.
Because osteosarcoma originates from primitive mesenchymal bone-forming cells, third generation spheres were screened for the expression of cell surface proteins associated with MSCs by flow cytometry, according to the ISCT recommendations.
After 7 10 days, only 16% of the single cells were able to produce second generation spheres and the newly formed spheres were morphologically more regular than the initial spheres.
Self-renewal, defined as the ability of cells to go through numerous cycles of cell division while maintaining the undifferentiated state, was assessed by the spheres' capacity to produce second generation spheres.
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A third generation sphere culture was transferred to adherent plates and allowed to grow in monolayer in culture medium supplemented with 10% FBS without growth factors.
In all cases, cells were allowed to adapt for 24 h and then treated with 4 μM XMD8-92 or DMSO vehicle control, except for second-generation spheres, which were grown without further treatment.
Spheres derived from the primary generation were digested with trypsin, reexposed to adeno-β-gal or adeno-Cre in suspension (80 moi for 2 to 3 hours) and plated for second-generation spheres.
CD44v3highALDH1high cells dissociated from spheres were counted by hemacytometer and replated to generate spheres of next generation.
Self-renewal was then measured according to second-generation sphere formation without any additional treatment.
We further investigated the effect of this drug on the sphere-forming capacity of the ALDH-sorted fractions as the generation of spheres after drug treatment would reflect the presence of drug-tolerant CSCs [ 19].
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