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Rather, the perturbed formation of the olfactory nerve is related to disturbed neurogenesis and the generation of migratory neurons.
Taken together, in the olfactory epithelium, up-regulated Notch activity by BMP inhibition maintains cells in a progenitor state and reduces the generation of migratory neurons.
Thus, activation of Notch signaling negatively controls the generation of migratory neurons, and also suppress neurons ability to leave the epithelium.
To evaluate whether BMP activity affects the generation of migratory neurons, we quantified the total number of migratory neurons in the electroporated embryos.
In addition, increased BMP signals suppress neurons ability to leave the olfactory sensory epithelium, thereby negatively regulating the generation of migratory neurons.
Since modulations of either the Notch or the BMP signaling pathway affected the generation of migratory neurons and caused disturbed formation of the olfactory nerve, we examined how these signaling pathways interact in the olfactory epithelium.
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This suggests a novel mechanism whereby BMP and Notch signals regulate the generation of early migratory neurons from the olfactory epithelium and the initial formation of the olfactory nerve tract.
Here we have addressed these issues, by manipulating Notch or BMP signals in chick explant and whole embryo assays, and we conclude that these pathways play different roles during the generation of early migratory neurons leaving the olfactory epithelium.
At stage 5, both pre-migratory neural crest [31] and olfactory/lens placodal cells (Fig. S7A and S7B) still require ongoing exposure to BMP signals, whereas only a few hours later by stage 6, the generation of pre-migratory neural crest and olfactory placodes has become independent of further BMP activity (Fig. S7C and S7D; see also [27]).
However, whether and how Notch and/or BMP signals regulate the generation and migration of migratory neurons and the initial formation of the olfactory nerve has not been resolved.
For generations, the arrival of migratory so-called European eels used to be anxiously awaited at this time of year by fishermen on the Severn and Wye tidal rivers.
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