While the variability in wind/solar increased, the variability in gas generation fluctuated within a particular range; however, gas prices spiked significantly over the years as wind/solar generation increased.
The numbers of red and blue marbles picked each generation fluctuates: sometimes more red, sometimes more blue.
Four Markov chains were used to sample the probability space in two simultaneous but completely independent runs starting from different random trees (default option); the number of generations fluctuated depending on the convergence of chains, a sample frequency every 100 generations was performed.
Now, a long-living baby boom generation, rapidly fluctuating global markets and municipal bankruptcies are blowing holes in the notion that for public pension funds, time is infinite.
However, estimates of N b obtained by the LD method may be biased by overlapping generations and fluctuating population size (Waples et al. 2014).
N b _LD (95% CI) are the LD estimates with 95% confidence intervals, Bias is the approximate bias in the LD estimates resulting from overlapping generations and fluctuating population sizes, N b _Adj (95% CI) are the bias-adjusted estimates with 95% confidence intervals, and N b _Adj/ Ncensus is the estimated ratio of successful spawners to potential spawners.
Figure 4A shows that the average payoff per actor per generation continuously fluctuates between 45, the maximum value, and 0, the minimum value.
The key challenge for power grids around the world is or will soon be to accommodate substantial amounts of fluctuating generation from distributed generators.
The increasing share of EEG power in the generation portfolio, increasing amounts of fluctuating power generation, and the growing European integration of power markets governed by competition calls for a re-design of the EEG.
With N = 100 and m = 0.10, a stationary distribution was reached at generation 3. The distribution fluctuates from generation to generation, but a wide range is consistently observed.
