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Second generation contrast agents stay intact for up to 7 min in low MI and are used in everyday clinical practice.
b Measurement of bowel wall vascularity after second generation contrast agent injection in a manually defined ROI localised in the ileal wall.
Second generation contrast agent (Sonovue™, Bracco SpA) was used to enhance the ultrasound recognition of relevant anatomy and conduct transbulbar ONSD measurments.
The first generation contrast agents, consisted of air-filled microbubbles: they were particularly fragile and their quick and easy break involved a large inter-and intra-individual variation of the signal amplification with short duration of contrast effect.
The contrast agent used was sodium iothalamate, a first generation contrast agent.
In contrast, other reports show no difference between second and third generation contrast agents to induce CIN [ 12].
Similar(41)
For in vivo microscopy, harmonic generation contrasts, such as SHG and THG, are usually considered to be modalities without molecular specificity.
Second-generation contrast agents with low-power insonation techniques are routinely used in clinical practices.
Measurement of bowel wall vascularity, after second-generation contrast agent injection, in a manually defined ROI, obtaining the brightness-time curves over a period of 40 s.
The combination of power Doppler sonography with the use of a first-generation contrast agent (Levovist®) appears to be effective in differentiating between hypervascularised inflammatory stenosis and hypovascularised, predominantly cicatritial stenosis [23].
The second-generation contrast agent (SonoVue - Bracco), used in our experience, is represented by inert gas-filled microbubbles and denser than air (sulfur hexafluoride) and delimited by membranes made of phospholipids stabilized, giving high strength and flexibility.
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