For each generation, an average of 6000 larvae were exposed to toxic leaf litter in order to obtain a mortality rate of 70%.
At each generation, an average of 6,000 larvae was exposed to toxic leaf litter in order to obtain a mortality rate of 70%, so that about 1,800 adults constituted the next generation, limiting bottleneck effects in the LiTOX strain.
For each model and choice of the first generation index, an average of at least 20,000 runs were considered, to guarantee a sufficiently accurate estimate of the relative transmission parameters.
Thus, in generation 1003, an average of 1.39 SNP has an r2 greater than 0.5 with its nearest QTL.
Using the same Δβ threshold of 0.51 as for the OS samples, a similarly low number of probes were identified as changing with xenografting in the first generation, with an average of 3.18% (n = 6).
The F1 generation had an average of 16% males, which had a notable difference from the expected sex ratio for both a male heterogametic (expected: no males) and female heterogametic (expected: 50% males) systems.
Selection was carried out repeatedly for 18 generations, with an average of 2000 larvae being exposed to toxic litter per generation.
For example, stomatal conductance at elevated CO2 ranged from 220.4 to 239.4 mmol m−2 s−1 in these generations, with an average of about 227.9, and no significant difference was detected in stomatal conductance among these generations.
When residents are excluded from the analysis, both generations work an average of 61 hours a week.
For the simulations we considered an average recombination rate 0.60 cM/Mb (Jensen-Seaman et al., 2004 ) and mutation rate of 2 x10−8 per base per generation and estimated an average of three generations per year.
Given that renewable portfolio standards (RPS), an environmental mandate requiring a certain percentage of the resource mix be renewables, may vary from state to state [23] and that wind/solar may contribute up to 30% of the generation mix by 2030, three scenarios in which wind/solar generation makes up an average of 10%, 20%and30%0% of the grid are considered.
