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But, since it appears that two (maybe only one) year is generating the variance that the model cannot explain (and the model explains the remaining years well), we suggest environmental stochasticity as the main cause.
It can also be written, where omission of the z subscript indicates disregarding of the stratification, and the appropriate argument for generating the variance of the test statistic (or an exact P-value) is permutation of the elements of x and y.
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As the vectors x i in (3) are independently generated, the variance of the BER estimator is given by E P ̂ b − P b 2 = 1 N E F 2 ( x ) − P b 2, (4).
It is not random accident that generates the variance that selection operates on.
To generate the variance component in the calculation of the ICCs, we used the three-level unconditional (intercept only) random-effect model.
We generated the variance of the trial outcome based on a χ distribution with 2ni-2 degrees of freedom, divided by ni-1.
SUDAAN statistical software (Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina) was used to generate the variance estimates to account for the complex survey design.
From our explanation of Figure 5 above and the Monte Carlo analysis we performed, we conclude that the model has a low probability (twice in 200 runs for samples sizes bracketing ours (10 and 20)—see response to comments above) of generating the observed census variance.The authors performed numerical simulations of the population dynamics using their model.
For visualizing temporal wrap and unwrapping in individual cones we developed an unwrapping scheme that minimized phase variance around a family of linear models, selecting the model that generated the smallest variance.
The best edge is the edge on which a burst is constructed, and generates the minimal variance of the sub-blocks in the free bandwidth area.
Wang et al. [11] developed the weighted less flexibility first algorithm (WLFF), which constructs each burst on the best edge selected in the free bandwidth area.a The best edge is the edge on which a constructed burst generates the minimal variance of the sub-blocks in the free bandwidth area.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com