Consideration of organisms across kingdoms reveals differences and similarities in mechanisms for generating rod-like shapes, and also highlights common advantages that may have driven the convergent evolution of this fundamental shape.
Understanding the network of genes that orchestrate the differentiation of retinal progenitors may make it possible to bias expanded stem cell populations to generate rod precursors.
Both the NRL gene and the NR2E3 gene were endogenously up-regulated in induced photoreceptor cells, implying that exogenous CRX, RAX, OTX2 and NEUROD, but not NRL, are sufficient to generate rod photoreceptor cells.
Here, we explore how cells generate rod-like shapes.
Single-photon responses generated by rod photoreceptors are transmitted to the downstream rod ON-bipolar cells (ON-BC).
The paper reports on studies of pulsed plasma-ion streams generated by rod plasma injectors (RPI), and particularly by the IBIS device used for modifications of different materials.
Signals generated in rod and/or cone photoreceptors are conveyed through the retina via two functional circuits.
In this study we used an inducible system to examine the effect of progressive RGS loss in mature and differentiated retinas on the ability of ON-BC neurons to process signals generated by rod and cone photoreceptors and its impact on visually-guided behavior.
Even in the Premier League, he does not generate lightning-rod attention the way that other Spaniards like Fernando Torres and Cesc Fàbregas have.
Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of 4-vinylpyridine generates the rod-coil flexible chain which is maintained short to limit the insertion of insulating moieties in the additive structure.
The variety of nanomaterials generated in rod-like and spherical viruses is highlighted for tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), M13 bacteriophage, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), and cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV).
