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Two levels of testlet contamination were manipulated by either generating item clustering effect in the second testlet, or not generating item clustering effect in the second testlet.
We applied the packages eRm (Mair, Hatzinger, and Maier, 2013) and ltm (Rizopoulos, 2006) for fitting and evaluating the Rasch model and generating item information curves.
To model the item characteristics of a large-scale assessment, item difficulty parameters obtained from the Rasch model in the empirical study were used as the population parameters when generating item responses in the simulation study.
The equiprobable mixture for generating item distribution easily creates two types of distribution: unimodal and bimodal.
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The Birth Memories and Recall Questionnaire (BirthMARQ) was developed by generating items from literature reviews and general measures of memory characteristics to cover dimensions relevant to childbirth.
Enterprising players in South Korea and China have been running "item factories," where hundreds of computers are programmed to play the games without human users for the sole purpose of generating items for cash.
This study shows that item difficulty can indeed be controlled intrinsically by controlling the question components, thus suggesting the possibility of generating items automatically on-the-fly during the administration of a computerised adaptive test.
Additionally, writing only three-options per item saves time generating items.
The conceptual framework served as a basis for generating items for the new instrument.
Best practice guidelines were used to guide the process of generating items [ 17].
To ensure cultural equivalence of items, only those concepts that had been identified in both language groups served as the basis for generating items.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com