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Diazonium grafting generates highly reactive radicals that covalently react with the electrode or subsequent organic layer on the surface under mild solvent and temperature conditions [23, 24].
This process generates highly reactive singlet oxygen (1O2) and/or other reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn cause damage in the immediate vicinity of the irradiation and ultimately can lead to cell death.
Consequently, the increased ferrous iron in neurons generates highly reactive hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction or Haber-Weiss reaction.
Ethanol metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) generates highly reactive acetaldehyde that causes protein-acetaldehyde adducts.
ROS also affects nitric oxide (NO) that in contact with superoxide generates highly reactive peroxynitrite (ONOO-), which induces cascade of pathological signaling.
However, iron overload is also potentially toxic; under aerobic conditions, it catalyzes the formation of reactive oxygen species and generates highly reactive radicals through the Fenton reaction [ 1].
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They can oxidize H2O molecules and hydroxyl (OH−) groups to generate highly reactive hydroxyl (OH·) radical and H+ ion.
The enzymes are responsible for generating highly reactive free radicals that undergo a complex series of spontaneous cleavage reactions.
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) relying on in situ generated highly reactive OH are successfully applied to water purification.
The degradation of adsorbed MB would start from holes (Au+) because the holes can scavenge the surface adsorbed water, generating highly reactive hydroxyl radical species [24, 51, 54].
The preparation process involved the following three steps: Firstly, hydroxyl groups on the surface of acid-oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-OH) reacted with linear PACl to generate highly reactive polymer grafting on the nanotube surface [12, 13].
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