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The generated receptor conformational ensembles can be helpful in the development of structure-based drug design methodologies to design novel efficient and selective drugs.
The macrophage is probably the first immune cell to appear in the evolutionary tree and the B cell is probably the first immune cell that bears a somatically generated receptor able to recognise antigens[ 23].
LigPrep generated 5,636 3D structures with variations in, e.g., tautomeric and ionic form, which were docked flexibly in standard precision-mode in Glide (Glide version 5.6.107) to the generated receptor grid of each of the five-protein 3D structures.
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Functional expression of the cDNAs in cultured mammalian cells generated receptors displaying alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA -selective binding phAMPA -selectiveA = quisqualate greater than glutamate greater than kainate) as well as cation channels gated bindingamate, AMpharmacologyAMPAand blocked by 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX).
In contrast, Kelley et al. generated receptor-selective mutants of TRAIL, with three to six ligand amino acid substitutions [ 17], and found DR5 to be more important for apoptotic signaling than DR4 in cancer cells expressing both receptors (including colon cancer cells).
The establishment of V2RC2, which probably reflects the complex expansion and diversification of family-A V2Rs, generated receptors that have probably acquired a more subtle functional specificity.
Janeway reasoned that as the adaptive immune system uses randomly generated receptors to recognise antigen, it cannot reliably distinguish between self and nonself.
For example, directed evolution of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has generated receptors with novel specificities (receptors activated by solely synthetic ligands, or RASSLs) for drug-like small molecules.
Sensory processing in the cochlea is initiated when the hair cells respond to excitation by generating receptor potentials.
Hence, bispecific DARPins may be used to generate receptor antagonists simultaneously targeting different epitopes on the same molecule.
In sensory neurons, output of sensory receptors generates receptor potential [11], eliciting impulse trains on sensory nerves [17].
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