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For each statistic, 1000 random permutations of the time series of the causal variable were generated (missing data is held in-place during permutation) to disrupt any possible causal effects.
Among the 1,092 911 SNPs × 12 samples) marker genotype combinations, 44 generated missing data, and 74 resulted in heterozygous genotypes (Additional file 18).
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The underlying mechanism that generates missing data can be considered either ignorable or non‐ignorable.
This paper developed a locally adaptive linear interpolation to generate missing data throughout the NDVI time series.
During the image analysis phase, corrupted or suspicious spots are filtered [ 11], generating missing data [ 18].
Whenever sequences from genomic libraries such as ESTs or BAC-ends provide only partial coverage of a genome, the mismatch between regions covered in different species will generate missing data.
Markers that were heterozygous for the same alleles in both parents were excluded from the map because these parental genotypes reduce the number of informative progeny, generate missing data, and reduce mapping power for these markers.
However, due to the omnipresence, in this region, of clouds and cloud shadows that generate missing data, five SPOT-5 satellite images covering the study area, with four color channels (red, green, near infrared and middle infrared) and at 10-meter spatial resolution, were selected.
Hcys = homocysteine, MMA = methylmalonic acid, SD = standard deviation * Transport inconvenient generated missing total at random data; samples were not analysed for 2 patients in the oral B12 group and for 2 patients in the placebo group.
To illustrate the immunity of the interaction tests to missing paternal data, we generated missing paternal genotypes in 10 80% of families in model 1 simulations.
If appropriate, multiple imputation will be used to generate missing covariate data.
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