In LAB, the ATP required is mainly generated from the glycolysis of sugars via the Embden Meyerhof pathway or pentose phosphate pathway (Corcoran et al. 2005).
Pyruvate generated in the final step of glycolysis can either be converted into acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDC) for further metabolism in the TCA cycle, or be converted into lactate.
Pyruvic acid is generated from the glycolysis of glucose.
52.7% is produced in glycolysis, with another 32.1% generated in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate, while only 8.1% is produced in the TCA cycle.
While two molecules of NADH are generated in glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle dehydrogenases including pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocytrate dehydrogenase, α-ketogluterate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase synthesize NADH and feed most of the NADH required for the electron transport chain.
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a cytotoxic compound generated through the glycolysis pathway of eukaryotic cells (Yadav et al. 2005 a ).
For amino acids, the carbon skeletons are derived from 3-phosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate or pyruvate generated in glycolysis, or from 2-oxoglutarate and oxaloacetate generated in TCA [ 20].
Energy in the form of ATP is generated in normal cells via glycolysis or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
This observation corresponded with predictions generated in silico with a kinetic model of yeast glycolysis, when the catalytic capacities of all glycolytic enzymes were set to share the same normalized temperature dependency.
In addition, the peak/trough ratio showed dramatic differences between F6P and F1,6BP, and between acetyl-CoA and citrate, suggesting that biochemical reactions that are involved in conversion of F6P to F1,6BP and formation of citrate from acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate may have key roles in generating the oscillations of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration.
