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Such two-strand lesions are mostly generated by replication of DNA with one-strand lesions.
It was shown that DNA replicates in a semi-conservative fashion, whereby each strand of the double helix pairs with a new strand generated by replication.
This indicates that homologous recombination is reactivated at later stage of the cellular response to MMS, most likely to repair DSBs generated by replication blocks.
Clearly, the process of repair takes place after the initial phase of BRCA1/BARD1 downregulation, most likely to repair DSBs generated by replication blocking lesions.
However, it appears likely that these proteolytic enzymes will modify the virus particles that are generated by replication within the salivary glands, during or immediately after their inoculation.
However, an important question remains: How can DNA lesions generated by replication stress be carried over into the M phase, despite the existence of the firmly established intra-S and G2/M checkpoints?
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To directly determine the potential of DNA lesion-carryover generated by DNA replication stress in the S phase, we transiently treated the normal human fibroblast SuSa with hydroxyurea (HU) to cause replication fork stalling and the resulting DNA double-strand breaks.
Indeed, it has been reported that a particular set of chk1 mutants can distinguish between lesions induced in G2 phase and structures generated by collapsed replication forks, and that these signal distinct checkpoint responses [28].
Thus, our data do not corroborate the notion of instability being generated by passive replication through an unfired origin.
Subsequently, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) templates were generated by viral replication using a helper phage as described previously (Jupin & Gronenborn, 1995; Trower, 1996).
DNA methylation has been suggested to provide a mechanism for strand recognition following DNA replication hemimethylated DNA generated by DNA replication may facilitate the MMR machinery in distinguishing the nascent strand from the template strand (Hare and Taylor 1985).
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