Ghostly LEDs pulse erratically and unpredictably, creating a visual minefield of piercing lights, computer generated broken glass, and even a beating heart.
The cellular processes of DNA replication, recombination, and repair generate breaks in the phosphate backbone structure of DNA that can compromise the stability of the genome and threaten the loss of genetic information and the introduction of deleterious chromosomal mutations.
To remove negative supercoiling in DNA, topoisomerase I has to generate breaks in one of its strands.
POLD1 deletion could be involved in impaired DNA replication generating breaks and high rate of mutations [ 27].
Bleomycin molecules form complexes with Fe2+ and O2 that directly generate breaks on DNA through the nucleophilic attack of the C′4 of the desoxyribose, particularly at the GC sequences (Povirk et al, 1989; Mir et al, 1996).
In response to treatment with Aroclor, doxorubicin, or etoposide the enzyme DNA topoisomerase II associates with the corresponding target gene promoter regions and generates breaks in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), to enable activation of gene transcription.
The enzyme DNA topoisomerase II associates with gene promoter regions and generates breaks in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), which are required for the activation of gene transcription by DNA-binding transcription factors [ 13].
We next compared the induction and repair of SSBs in quiescent astrocytes following treatment with camptothecin, a SSB-inducing agent that generates breaks with Top1-associated 3′-termini and 5′-hydroxyl termini.
Recently we reported that human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) catalyzes the apurinic/apyrimidinic site (AP site) cleavage reaction to generate breaks with the 3′- and 5′-phosphate termini [7].
Well-known to induce dsDNA breaks, a pulse of ionizing radiation could cut a swathe through a condensed chromosome and, depending on whether the angle of the path relative to the long axis of the chromosome is transverse, oblique or longitudinal, generate breaks involving a band, an arm or the whole chromosome.
