The purpose of this procedure is to generate authentication data from the cover image I and then conceal them underneath.
During time slot, the CA generates authentication key for to use to compute the MAC on its messages in that interval.
The question and answer generation component is responsible for (i) automatically identifying "important" locations of a user and using that information to generate authentication challenges, and (ii) generating plausible fake answers for each set of multiple choice question.
In this study, however, we set the processing delay P t to 400 ms because of the EAP-AKA processing of generating authentication vectors and keys in HSS and Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM).
Among works that looked into leveraging smartphone usage data and behavior data, Das et al. [9] proposed to generate authentication questions from users' day-to-day activities captured by their smartphones.
The authentication procedure of GSM is shown in Figure 2. The user equipment UE sends the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) to the authentication center HLR/AuC in its home networks which generates authentication vectors using the shared key with SIM and sends them to the MSC/VLR.
However, some security experts said that these sorts of SMS-based passwords weren't safer than the one-time-passwords generated using authentication tokens or other strong authentication schemes like cryptographic smart cards, but are actually providing users with the "illusion of increased security".
The key T k, works as the seed for the PRNG (pseudo random number generator) to generate an authentication key, A u t h_Key i.
In our proposed protocol, the mobile station is responsible for generating of authentication token (AUTN) and random number (RAND).
