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Several authors (Henikoff and Malik 2002; Brown and O'Neill 2010) have suggested that rapid concerted evolution of DNA repeat elements at the centromeric chromatin may generate speciation by distorting chromosomal segregation.
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Lineage merging generates speciation events, while lineage splitting generates reticulation events.
2) The infinite-allele model generates speciation more quickly than the step-wise mutation model.
Their conclusions are summarized in the following way. 1) The single-locus model generates speciation more quickly than the two-locus model.
Thus the idea that sexual selection could generate high speciation rates and rapid changes in sexual ornamentations is not supported by our birds-of-paradise data.
Speciation is usually associated with disparity, but clades vary dramatically in terms of how much disparity is generated with speciation.
The underlying assumption is that each substitution has a small probability of generating a speciation.
While orthologs refer to homologous genes that have been generated by speciation, paralogs are homologous genes generated via duplication [ 41].
The two proteins could be paralogs derived from a duplication event or orthologs generated by speciation events.
Evidence in analogous systems, however, suggests that such a distinct boundary in biomes – as in rainforest and grasslands - might be important for generating specific speciation mechanisms.
Thus, local synteny based orthology separates RT copies from those generated by speciation or other duplication mechanisms and can be more informative in recovering the evolutionary history of a gene family.
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