By construction, the short- and long-run impact is the same regardless of whether the shock generates a deviation above or below the threshold.
We found that, even with s = 0.5 and h = 0.5, <0.1% of cases of viability selection generated a deviation from HWE strong enough to be detected by our filter.
These remarkable reductions in the blade loading eventually generate a head deviation.
Also at α = 0.05 and n = 100, SNPs in duplicons (CNV/SD) often do not generate a sufficient deviation from HWE to be detected by the testing, whereas at α = 0.01 and n = 1000, the likelihood of HWD given CNV or SD become much larger (Figure 6, No genotyping error) that the posterior probabilities point to CNVs and SDs as a major contributor to HWD.
For each gene g, first generate a standard deviation σ g from a uniform distribution over [0,0.05], and then generate perturbation values m g, j, j = 1, …, N, from a Normal 0, σ g ) density.
These ratios are used to generate a relative standard deviation (RSD), which is the coefficient of variation expressed as a percentage (the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean, times one hundred).
For example, even if a certain input is found to generate a 0.25 standard deviation gain in a certain test in a certain country, it is difficult to determine what that would be equivalent to elsewhere.
We also generate a random standard deviation for each gene from the normal distribution with mean 0.5 and variance 0.1 for random variances case.
We generated a sinusoidal deviation of yaw and pitch angles of the antenna with 0.50 amplitude and 0.4 Hz frequency.
Figure 3 shows the simulation voltage wave when the grid simulator generated a voltage deviation of −15 %, where the dotted line is the output voltage of the grid simulator and the solid line is the voltage at the grid access point.
