In the case of putative mouse pheromones, receptor identification has generally relied on cell biology experiments which have indicated that the VNO and the accessory olfactory bulb comprise the system receiving and processing the information [7], [8], but in those experiments identification of the specific VNO receptors has been elusive.
To the best of our knowledge, a review of the available literature evidences no significant data about effects on PC12 cells and, more generally, on neuronal cells after exposure to hypergravity.
It has been known for three decades that cilia are generally found on cells that have exited the cell cycle but only more recently has it been appreciated that genes involved in ciliogenesis also have roles in cell-cycle progression.
Cell culture models focus primarily on the process of cell differentiation, generally on committed bone cells [ 11- 14, 23].
We found that cell growth and survival in culture were generally highly dependent on cell density.
Despite this variability between cell types, the non-calcemic 20(OH)D3 and its hydroxyl-derivatives generally exerted effects on cell proliferation and differentiation comparable to those of 1,25(OH)2D3.
These novel Ras signaling knockdowns had generally negative influences on cell number and nuclear area, consistent with other Ras signaling knockdowns.
Moreover, we show time lapse images of some representative cells in Figure 4. Growth rates are generally not dependent on cell size in fission yeast (as shown by near-linear growth curves).
Indeed, our analysis so far indicates that the genes generally turned on by cell activation and the HIV-hosting genes inhibited by tenofovir are different, potentially explaining this apparent paradox.
However, understanding how transcription factors and signalling pathways affect decisions made by individual cells is confounded by the fact that measurements are generally made on groups of cells, whilst individual mES cells differentiate at different rates and towards different lineages, even in conditions that favour a particular lineage.
