We also infer that eukaryotic hosts more generally make concerted use of PGN hydrolytic activities and of PRRs in order to cope with bacterial infections.
It is generally assumed than concerted evolution homogenizes individual rDNA repeats and produces a mostly uniform sequence in all repeats in a given species.
Those deficits have been exacerbated, economists generally agree, through concerted action by the Chinese government to prop up exports, by holding down the value of China's currency and directly subsidizing some exporting industries.
While concerted evolution generally works to maintain identity between gene copies, it also means that when a mutation does occur, it may be propagated quickly through all of the repeats in all of the copies in the genome.
These reactions generally involve a substantially concerted atom transfer from the oxidant to an organic substrate, driven by the release of ring strain and by the formation of a strong carbonyl, imine, or oxometal π-bond.
Because concerted evolution has generally homogenized sequence variation among the numerous ribosomal DNA copies within an individual, direct sequencing of this region is possible for most systems.
Although multiple mismatches within one heteroduplex are generally converted in a concerted manner, yielding a continuous conversion tract, tracts with mixtures of conversion-type and restoration-type repair have been detected in both meiosis (Symington and Petes 1988; Mancera et al. 2008) and mitosis (Nickoloff et al. 1999; Mitchel et al. 2010).
The comprehensive analysis of MHC polymorphism of primate lineages generally supports theories that concern the concerted evolution of genetic traits.
As nrETS is generally believed to be homogenized by concerted evolution [ 36, 37], we treated nrETS, as a single locus, despite the presence of numerous copies in most plant genomes [ 37].
Protein antigens are widely exploited in vaccine development to protect against infectious diseases, but they are seriously limited by the generally low stability and immunogenicity to induce concerted humoral and cellular immune responses.
