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We simulated microsatellite loci following a generalized stepwise model [34] [35].
Several mutational models have been developed for microsatellites [59]: the Infinite Allele Model, Stepwise Mutation Model, Two phase model and Generalized stepwise model, and the K-allele model [60].
The generalized stepwise model (GSM) or two phase model (TPM) is an extension of the SMM and considers the probability for a microsatellite mutation to involve more than one unit [ 25].
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For the Y chromosome, we simulate 5 Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) under the generalized stepwise mutation model (GSM, [ 94, 95]).
We assumed a generalized stepwise mutation model [ 62] with a uniform prior distribution of mean mutation rate from 10-4 to 10-3, a prior distribution of individual locus mutation rates from 10-5 to 10-2 following a Gamma distribution with mean determined by the mean mutation rate across loci.
Since the program has been written for microsatellite data, it proposes two mutation models, namely the stepwise mutation model (SMM) and the generalized stepwise mutation (GSM) model (Estoup et al., 2002).
The optimal fixed structure for ANOVAs, linear mixed-effects models, generalized linear models, and generalized linear mixed-effects models was found by stepwise model simplification and factor level reduction followed by the comparison of the models via the Akaike information criterion (AIC, Akaike, 1973).
To improve the energy concentration level, this paper proposes a generalized stepwise demodulation transform (GSDT).
The same two calculations are performed for the stepwise model.
A stepwise model building method was used.
Stepwise model selection procedures were used.
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