If mutations that increase specialized feeding strategies increase in frequency when specific host resources are predictable [ 21], then traits associated with maintenance of generalist abilities are likely to decrease in frequency.
Considering the fact that most bacterial species, such as E. coli, have evolved in a highly competitive environments under strongly fluctuating nutrient conditions, our results suggest that a true bacterial generalist with the ability to survive under almost all environmental conditions will not evolve.
However, confirming whether these abundant, generalist types have the ability to photoacclimate across the depth range under consideration here will require pigment studies and endosymbiont density counts and will be an important component of future research on the deep water corals in Hawaii.
In addition, most (but not all) of these generalist genes for learning abilities (such as reading and mathematics) will also be associated with other cognitive abilities (such as memory and spatial ability).
The existing curriculum also encourages anaerobic activities over aerobic ones and the quasi-experiment confirmed that specialist PE teachers were more effective in improving anaerobic abilities than the generalist teachers, while no difference in aerobic abilities was observed.
While the morphology and phenology of the chosen bromes (Bromus tectorum, Bromus sterilis and Bromus squarrosus) are highly similar, we measured complex traits often associated with invasive success: phenotypic plasticity, competitive ability and generalist-specialist character.
It favored fire and life forms that were generalists and promoted the ability to spread -- perfect for both eucalypts and people.
Ling are benthic generalists however, and their ability to switch prey, for example to include scavenged material, may help to mitigate this potential effect.
The same set of generalist genes affects learning abilities and disabilities.
Thus, fluctuations in host abundance (in time and/or space) could favor the maintenance of generalist parasitoid populations with the ability to simultaneously maximize fitness on more than one host (Hufbauer and Roderick 2005).
