Another example of a potential reliable reference gene is miR-484, whose reference-gene utility may be enhanced by averaging with other potential breast cancer housekeeping miRNAs (for example, miR-330-3p, -4327, and -1271) [ 4].
In cases where choice has been exercised, genes have been selected for sequencing based on rough impressions of the genes' utilities in previous studies of taxa that are to varying degrees divergent from the taxa of interest.
Without experimental validations of individual Oct3/4-target genes, the utility of genes identified by searching octamer-binding motifs are limited at this point.
Given that several such regions exist, each with divergent discriminatory power, we compared four regions of the 16S rRNA gene for utility in describing diversity of a subset of samples.
Most of these genes find utility through transgenic plants, but others find application in improving the performance of different biocontrol agents including microbial species and natural enemies.
Mitochondrial genes demonstrated utility for determining lineages of geographically separated OTUs [ 49, 55] and all five OTUs have discrete 16S, 12S and cytb haplotypes.
Thus, these genes have utility as a reference within heart-failed myocardium samples or non-failed donor myocardium samples separately, but not for comparing gene expression between these groups.
Although conventional GEMMs proved useful to study the in vivo role of cancer genes, their utility for modeling cancer has been limited due to incomplete tumor penetrance coupled with long and highly variable tumor latency.
Moreover, the TF genes have utility in controlling diverse cellular processes, including plant growth, differentiation and developmental life cycles and environmental abiotic and biotic stress responses as well as domestication in plant species and legumes.
If species are the durable unit of biology, and if natural selection quickly molds genes to current utility, then most genes should diverge at the time of speciation events, given views like Mayr's.
