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GAS isolates were analyzed for emm gene typing.
KIR gene content was determined with an updated version of the previously reported PCR-SSOP technique [43], which consists in oligonucleotide primers and probes selected from the first KIR gene typing system, as described in [44].
Blood culture isolates were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) and S. aureus protein A (spa) gene typing.
Results of coagulase gene typing demonstrated that the MRSA and MSSA strains from South Africa were classified into four and eleven RFLP patterns, respectively.
PFGE has been shown to be similarly effective at differentiating commonly infecting clones of GAS as other established typing modalities including emm gene typing [ 48– 50].
Group A streptococcal isolates referred to SDRU were characterized according to their M protein by using conventional serologic and emm gene typing (7, 8 ).
Similar(38)
Based upon PFGE analyses of genomic DNA and on spa-gene typing the vast majority of the S. aureus isolates belonged to different clonal lineages.
Rap-1b and rap-1c gene types could not be identified.
Three alleles of the GS6 gene, type I to III, were distinguished by nucleotide variants in the promoter region.
A similar scenario was found with HLA gene types in the Neanderthal genome.
Conventional PCR demonstrated a lack of expression of osteogenic marker genes and the hypertrophic marker gene type X collagen.
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