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Furthermore, antibiotic application during gene transformation also decreased pollen viability of the transformants.
Three independently transformed roots were examined for each gene transformation.
For the most part, gene transformation is still in the research phase as the tools are being developed.
The cells that survive are selected for gene transformation, which Dale accomplishes by making clever use of a common soil bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
The new system developed here is important and useful for multiple gene transformation in plum.
A key challenge in molecular breeding of orchids is the creation of efficient and reproducible gene transformation systems.
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Using our optimized method, up to 2x106 mutant colonies could be obtained from 107 bacterial cells for non-essential gene transformations.
In addition, it is simple, fast and capable of multi-gene transformation.
These genes' transformation efficiency was accurately quantified (Fig. 2).
Chloroplast-gene transformation was performed [ 22, 23], and photosynthesis-competent colonies were selected on minimal medium with 80 μmol photons/m/s.
The multi-gene transformation efficiency of the KY3 host is high, as all the selected 48 colonies had the five heterologous gene cassettes.
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