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Both of these criteria are met here because 1) the antifreeze protein is presumably a single gene trait that is additional to, and largely independent of, existing systems, and 2) it is clearly of adaptive value.
When the K12 strain was crossed to the standard laboratory strain (FY4), the resulting tetrads displayed 2 2 segregation of the resistance phenotype, suggesting a single gene trait.
In order to verify our predictions from the gene trait matching an insertion mutant was created in the alcohol dehydrogenase encoding gene of the predicted sorbitol utilization gene cluster of B. breve JCM7017.
Due to the history of these breeds, the authors suggested there may be more than one allele or locus controlling polydactyly in the chicken, although in all of these breeds polydactyly still behaves as a single gene trait (Dorshorst et al. 2010).
We only need to revise the last two terms in Equation (7) to γ ∑ i = 1 f | | S − S i | | F 2 + ρ ∑ i = 1 e | | G − G i | | F 2, where f and e are the number of sources for genetic interaction networks and gene trait networks, respectively.
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The technical challenges include the difficulty in defining tractable single-gene trait development strategies, the logistics of moving traits from initial to commercial genetic backgrounds, and the disconnect between conditions in farmer's fields and controlled environments.
It is unlikely that a single-gene trait could account for genotypic differences in loading or transport of Cd in both xylem and phloem, given the markedly different biology of these pathways [ 22].
For the pH phenotype, known to be a single-gene trait [ 30, 38], we observed two, parent-related, peaks, unlike the distribution of the other accumulation patterns that are characteristics of polygenic quantitative traits and reflects the mosaic nature of the progeny population.
Curious users can browse a list of markers from the rest of their genomes with a third-party program that searches a wiki of gene-trait associations that have been reported in the scientific literature.
First, the most immediate impact was in molecular markers in that the number was greatly increased, their physical order was understood and proximity to annotated genes was useful to predict gene-trait associations.
Subsequently, the gene-trait matching approach has demonstrated that these organic acids are catabolic substrates for the strain, involving the concerted actions of enzymes featured in TCA cycle and possibly other metabolic pathways.
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