Some subcircuits of regulatory genes, "kernels" which "define the spatial pattern of part of the embryo's development," are too intricately organized to change (p. 275).
For each gene, a kernel density plot for the expression index μgp and the difference dg was constructed.
In recent years scientists have been searching for key genes controlling kernel weight in cereals because it is a major component of yield.
The transcript patterns of LEA, aquaporin, NCED and ZEP genes during kernel maturation and desiccation provided further help for the identification of potential candidates.
Here, we used DamID in HL-1 cells to probe the cardiac GRN by identifying target genes for kernel TFs NKX2-5 and SRF, and for the MAP kinase signalling-dependent cardiac transcriptional cofactors ELK1 and ELK4.
To avoid false-positive results as much as possible, the analysis of mtDNA sequences was carried out using a gene-based kernel approach (Wu et al., 2011), adjusted for genetic ancestry by means of principal component analysis according to Biffi et al. (2010) and corrected for multiple testing (number of 'genes' analyzed).
In contrast, the 257 genes harboring kernel-specific siRNA loci were significantly enriched in the "response to cytokinin stimulus" and "response to organic nitrogen" GO functional categories (Additional file 7: Table S4).
Disruption of any gene within a kernel causes catastrophic phenotypic results, and therefore, kernel structure is highly conserved (Davidson and Erwin 2006).
A microarray with approximately 58,000 probes was used to study dynamic gene expression during kernel development from fertilization to physiological maturity.
The selected subgroup was referred to as 'the best kernel gene group'.
Mapping of candidate genes associated with kernel desiccation and ABA biosynthesis revealed several colocations between genes with putative functions and QTLs.
