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But heredity by itself does not change gene frequencies.
The different ways in which natural selection affects gene frequencies are illustrated by the following examples.
Gene frequencies can change from one generation to another by a process of pure chance known as genetic drift.
Almost everyone agrees that evolution involves changes in gene frequencies.
Empirical estimates of gene frequencies serve as indices to quantify micro-evolutionary changes.
(Note that in both generations, we consider gene frequencies at the zygotic stage; these may differ from the adult gene frequencies if there is differential survivorship).
The average fitness W is defined in terms of marginal gene frequencies pi.
However, few go on to add that evolution is nothing but changes in gene frequencies.
Vehicles exhibit these adaptations, but ultimately all adaptations must be explicable in terms of changes in gene frequencies.
Thus if a random mating population suddenly starts to mate non-randomly, this will have no effect on gene frequencies.
They cite the gene frequencies of a species as well as the evolutionary forces that affect those frequencies.
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