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"You can either try to breed [a trait] in from a wild relative and that takes many, many years, at the end of which you may have linked to your gene a bad [version] of some other gene," explains Jones, "or you can try to clone the gene you'd like with the useful property and move it from the species where you found it to the species where you would like it".
Neuroscientists have used optogenetics methods to control the firing of neurons in animals, and others have also fused light-sensitive switches to enzymes, but this new approach goes beyond that to allow light to control a chosen gene, explains MIT neuroscientist Edward Boyden.
Each gene explains only a fraction of the outcome, and very few genes actually replicate.
Rather than assuming that the candidate gene is not relevant because the main effect is not significant, we should be asking whether there are particular circumstances under which this gene explains a significant amount of the variance and others where it does not.
The DGAT1 gene is located on BTA14, and it has been shown that a polymorphism in the DGAT1 gene explains the QTL for milk yield and composition [ 15].
Alternatively, genetic variation outside of the SH2B1 coding region with a regulatory effect on this gene explains the association in functional terms.
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They considered that the SH4 gene explained 69% of variation in seed-shattering.
Could the absence of a single gene explain why gibbons are so much more slender than other primates?
Overall, a statistical analysis showed the methylation of the RXRα gene explained about a quarter of the differences in the children's fat levels.
However, so far only a QTL for shoot and grain Cd concentration located on the chromosome 7 has been cloned, with OsHMA3 as the causal gene explaining the genotypic variation (Ueno et al. 2010; Miyadate et al. 2011).
Barzilai pointed to the protein CETP as one such gene, explaining that it helps control HDL, or good cholesterol, and seems to protect people against certain health problems that occur with age, including cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com