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The gene differentiation among the populations was observed to be of the order of 0.013.
The mean coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) was 0.570, indicating that 43.0% of the genetic diversity resided within the population.
The cluster analysis, genetic structure parameters, moderate coefficient of gene differentiation and low gene flow value all indicated that these growth forms are genetically dissimilar and that geographic separation as well as physiological/flowering barriers has influenced these variations.
Likewise resolution into three distinct populations by PCoA (Figs. 7 and 8), and the observed gene differentiation coefficient (0.49) and gene flow statistic (0.51), highlighted some chances of genetic exchange.
Genetic differentiation between landraces and modern varieties on a genome basis was detected with POPGENE software [54] using coefficients gene flow (Nm), genetic distance (GD), genetic identity (GI), Shannon's information index (I) and coefficient of gene differentiation (Fst).
We set out to determine i) the extent of var gene diversity in three African sites, ii) the level of var gene differentiation across the African continent, and iii) the population structure of var genes in Africa.
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Likewise, we predict that patterns of within-gene differentiation between An. gambiae populations will be correlated with their exposure rate to human pathogens.
The results obtained from the transcriptome and miRNA analyses prompted us to examine whether consensus ESC genes and differentiation genes could be regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs.
Cell lines were characterized by karyotype analysis, expression of pluripotency genes and differentiation genes in a spontaneous differentiation assay.
Furthermore, both these unsigned modules contain two types of genes, pluripotency/self-renewal related genes and differentiation related genes.
This agrees with the observed difference in the time profile of the Vdr gene during differentiation.
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