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A gene burden test did not provide any evidence of association with BD (C-alpha P-value = 0.233).
The rare stringent CNVs from the remaining 676 unrelated ASD cases were used for gene burden analysis, gene-set association tests and comparison with CNV data from other SNP microarrays to identify novel CNVs.
Sequenom genotyping can validate only the specific mutation called, and so lacks the ability to identify base differences at sites that were not discovered (i.e. unable to validate mutation load assays, gene burden tests), and is thus much less effective for extension.
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If newly-acquired genes burden the host, their utility will depend on further evolutionary refinement of the recombinant strain.
To further test if this system could be used in lung tissue, a bifunctional lentivirus vector that coded for Cre recombinase and a CRISPR/ Cas9 system that targeted PTEN, Nkx2.1, and Apc were generated, and were transfected to the lungs of KP mice; for each targeted gene, tumor burden and grade increased.
We used the data available for the three variant types to perform power calculations for the Neuron projection (GO) gene-set burden test and three other gene-sets (Table S5).
Assuming independence of genes, a genome-wide Bonferroni correction for gene-based burden tests in WES studies is 0.05/20,000 = 2.5 × 10−6.
For gene-set burden power calculations, we selected four representative gene-sets showing enrichment for one or more of the variant categories, and used Cohen's d to express the effect size estimates.
One such approach is gene-based burden testing, in which the aggregate frequency of "qualifying variants" is compared between case and control subjects for each gene.
Gene-centric burden analysis was performed by limiting the analysis to rare CNVs that overlapped with the list of genes (defined according to +/– 50 kb of the largest transcript) present in National Center for Biotechnology Information Build 36.1-hg18 (http://pngu.mgh.harvard.edu/∼purcell/plink/res.shtml glist).shtml glist
Accordingly, we also performed gene-based burden tests for variants with a KORA-derived MAF<5%.
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