Hernandez et al. (2007) detected the up-regulation of an ACO gene in bean that was confirmed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) expression analysis.
The fact that Arabidopsis includes six IDA and IDL genes, and we identified six genes in bean (a diploid), 12 in soybean (a tetraploid) and five in tomato (a diploid) may be coincidental.
Based upon mapping and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, several genes involved in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Co; anthracnose)resistance and other resistance genes for bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV), common bacterial blight, and bean rust are clustered [ 2, 3].
Contradictory findings regarding the activation of the PAL genes by H2O2 have been published showing that generation of H2O2 did not induce the expression of the PAL genes in bean cell cultures [ 7], but 5 mM H2O2 induced the expression of PAL genes in Arabidopsis cell cultures [ 54].
Chs genes in bean comprise a multigene family, of which certain individual members can be differentially induced with respect to kinetics and extent of accumulation.
Several genes in bean are associated with the domestication syndrome.
A similar approach was used to identify six IDA-like genes in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and five in tomato.
The large number of resistance (R) genes for bean rust may correlate with the high pathogen population diversity; with 90 different races identified [ 4].
Further comparisons between 14-day-old embryos and 7-week-old normal and dwarf chickens indicated consistent up-regulation in the mRNA expression levels of five genes: ARNT, BEAN, HSCB, LOC770114, and RCJMB04_1j22.
Our protocol could facilitate the characterization of the many genes in common bean, particularly genes involved in disease resistance.
