Gender-marking languages, such as French, Italian, German, or Russian, typically feature different paradigms of morphemes for each grammatical gender.
When acquiring a gender-marking language, a learner can make use of a variety of cues towards a noun's gender.
In the present study, we aimed to find out whether optimizing the presentation of the input during training can facilitate the acquisition of gender assignment in a gender-marking language which provides exclusively syntactic and no noun cues.
We shall then turn to German, a gender-marking language with three gender subclasses whose gender assignment system has been described by some as being largely arbitrary for its small number of valid noun cues (Maratsos, 1983, but see Köpcke, 1982).
For these children, singing and rhyming are the most natural forms of linguistic activity and, as we have pointed out in the Introduction, children should ideally have acquired the gender-case system of German (or any other gender-marking language) prior to learning to read and write.
Coat colour and patterns, facial and body markings, gender and parental hearing status were recorded.
For each dog, pedigree, date of birth, month of birth, date of BAER testing, CHSD hearing status (normal, right and left unilateral deafness, bilaterally deaf), gender, coat colour, coat markings and the presence of dark facial and body markings and white patches were recorded.
Standard Afrikaans is lexically extremely close to Dutch but has a markedly simplified morphology (e.g., lost are person and number markings on verbs, strong verb root alternations, and nominal gender) and a number of syntactic innovations (e.g., double-negation with mandatory clause-final nie).
Michelle Obama may have the markings of a potential revolutionary, but she is the conventional daughter from a solid family where the roles of gender are clearly demarcated.
During my research into the role of gender in Sears catalog toy advertisements over the 20th century, I found that in 1975, very few toys were explicitly marketed according to gender, and nearly 70 percent showed no markings of gender whatsoever.
