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Proposed solutions include, but are not limited to, ecosystem-based management, MRs and other forms of fishery closures, incentives, co-management, total allowable catch (TAC) and individual transferable quotas, reductions in fishing fleet capacity and changes in gear regulations [7] [9].
In addition, managers could shape the selectivity of fisheries through gear regulations (e.g. mesh size of gillnets).
For example, managers could reduce exploitation rates or change gear regulations to reduce selectivity (Kendall et al. 2009; Garcia et al. 2012; Kendall and Quinn 2012).
Selection towards early maturation can arise directly due to increased fishing mortality, but fishing is in most cases (virtually always) at least to some extent also size-selective by targeting larger individuals due to minimum landing sizes and gear regulations.
These fisheries are controlled by numerous effort and gear regulations, with a few thousand vessels participating, although most are restricted to the use of less than around 500 m of netting (O'Hara et al 1986, Douglas 1989).
Gear regulations include the prohibition of mesh sizes of less than 150mm, and a maximum amount (length) of netting which is permitted to be stowed on board (30 km) or set in the water (12 km).
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The Japanese large scale driftnet fishery is now regulated by seasonal and area closures, by gear regulation and by other operational controls.
Because there already is a tradition for mesh-size and gear-type regulation in fisheries management as well as routines for enforcement, it seems worthwhile considering gear regulation as a tool to manage evolutionary trait changes generated by fishing practices.
Changes in fishing gear and/or regulations may have also affected the CPUE of this fishery [40].
City-states as distant as Singapore have re-geared their regulations to support driverless cars, as have such Northern California municipalities as Mountain View and Contra Costa County.
It's hard work, made harder still by the need to comply with government regulations geared toward huge companies.
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