end{aligned}For (n ge 1), set begin{aligned} N_{omega,n}, =, ker ( varphi _omega ^{(n)} ) quad text{ and }quad G_{omega,n}, =, G_0 / N_{omega,n}.
Based on these data one can conclude that the crystallization of sputtered Ge films sets in at TA = 550 600 °C.
It should be noted that although the strain energy calculations are done with the Ge concentration being set to 20%, surface parameters for pure Ge {1 0 5}, (0 0 1), and {1 1 3} facets are adopted due to the dominating Ge surface segregation observed in previous studies [9, 14, 39].
Consider an integer (n ge 1), the set begin{aligned} S_n, =, { (j,k) in mathbf{Z }^2 mid j ge 0, 1 le k le n } end{aligned}of (n) parallel half-intervals in the square lattice, and the Houghton group(H_n) of all permutations (h) of (S_n) such that, for each (k in {1, ldots, n}), there exists a translation (t_k in mathbf{Z }) such that (h j,k) = (j+t_k, k)) for all (j) large enough [98].
Therefore, the covariance structure for the vector of interaction terms in the full data set gE = { g E i j } is the Hadamard product of Z g G Z g T and Z E Z E T, where Z E represents the incidence matrix of the effects of environments (i.e., the matrix that connects phenotypes with environments) (Jarquín et al. 2014).
This observation is unlikely to explain our results as the mean firing rate of E cells in networks that generated grid firing fields (grid score >0.5, networks with gE or gI set to 0 excluded) was in fact lower than the firing rate of networks without grid fields (1.2; 1.0; 1.0 Hz grid fields vs 3.0; 2.7; 1.2 Hz no grid fields, in networks with σ = 0; 150; 300 pA respectively).
Specifically, 5 × 5 mm2 Ge-chips were set on a 4-in.-diameter ceramic Nb2O5 target.
The gE-negative serum set included 460 samples from both marker-vaccinated (n = 33) and IBR-free cattle (n = 427).
For this purpose, the XRD study was performed for the same set of Ge-free and Ge-rich-ZrO2 samples.
Transmission scans were acquired with a set of Ge rotating rod sources for 20 min to allow subsequent attenuation correction and movement correction.
Finally, in networks where connection strengths were generated probabilistically instead of in an all-to-all way, the synaptic weights from E to I cells and vice versa were all constant and set to gE and gI respectively, while the probability of connection between the pre- and post-synaptic neuron was drawn according to Equation 11 for E → I synapses, and Equation 14 for I → E synapses.
