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GDP sank 7.2% over six consecutive quarters in 2008 and 2009.
This has helped to boost profit margins at the trough in 22 of 31 non-financial sectors, even though GDP sank by most, relative to potential, in the latest downturn.
Riverbanks had been reclaimed and turned into slums.Paying for itDespite the desperate need, Morgan Stanley's sums show that India's annual spending on infrastructure as a share of GDP sank to a 33-year low in 2003 just 3.5%, or $21 billion.
The fall in output during the downturn has been much worse than in the early 1990s, when GDP sank by 2.5%, but the increase in the jobless rate since early 2008, from 5.2% to 7.8%, has been similar to the rise over the equivalent period in the previous recession.
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By the end of 2002, the unemployment rate was well above 20%; GDP sunk by 20% and poverty rates skyrocketed, but recovery resumed rapidly, and the economy grew at annual rates of 7 9% until 2007.
Western banks are watching the official GDP numbers closely and skeptically: One prominent bank privately estimates that in the fourth quarter of last year, China's annualized GDP number sank to -1% as thousands of Chinese factories closed.
As a percentage of GDP, expenditure sank last year to its lowest since the first year of Harold Wilson's government in 1964-65 (see chart).
Mr Sterne says points out that IMF analysis shows the plan "really wont work". Greek GDP could sink a further 5%, he thinks.
GDP in the Netherlands sank by 0.9% in the second quarter, Austria's GDP fell by 0.4% and Italy's by 0.5%.China's economy continued to race ahead.
After years of rapid growth, during which a bloated construction industry accounted for a quarter of GDP and Irish banks sank nearly a third of their lending in construction projects, the Irish economy has collapsed, a process rocket-fuelled by the Fianna Fáil government's guarantee of the banks' liabilities in 2008.
Here's the ratio of Japanese currency in circulation to GDP, as the country sank deeper into the liquidity trap: So it's not fear, it's despair: there's nothing to invest in, so why not keep stuff under your mattress?
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