The ratio of social expenditures to GDP is replaced by the net replacement rate in (6) and by the nominal replacement income in (7).
In fact, we do not expect GDP to replace immune system activation schemes involving spatial pattern recognition (eg. TLRs, TCRs, BCRs, etc).. Rather, we view GDP as working in parallel with these other mechanisms.
They too found that GDP should be replaced and that other indicators should be introduced to monitor social and environmental, as well as economic, change.
The Green party has called for GDP to be replaced as a measure of national wellbeing with an index showing how much free time people have to enjoy, arguing that leisure can contribute more to overall happiness than wealth.
Fortunately, of Japan's total nuclear output lost after Fukushima, 70% (or 64% if not adjusted for GDP growth) were replaced by efficiency, renewables, and other distributed resources in the five years through March 2016.
This GDP should be replaced with GTP in order for eIF-2 to form a new ternary complex and trigger a new set of translation initiation.
Since GDP cannot be replaced within polymerized filaments, the so-called catastrophe events occur when hydrolysis proceeds faster than the addition of new GTP-decorated dimers.
Moreover, for perishable and consumption goods the income is relevant, while it is replaced by GDP for industrial goods as this freight type represents the most part of the economy of a country whose levels of productivity are better measured by GDP.
The guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) small GTPase regulatory genes contribute to RAS activation by active removal of GDP that is then replaced by GTP with consequent immediate response in the downstream signal transduction.
After codon-anticodon match between the aminoacylated tRNA and the ribosomal acceptor site followed by GTP hydrolysis to GDP, eEF1A dissociates from the ribosome in its GDP-bound form and interacts with nucleotide exchange factor eEF1Bα, which replaces GDP by GTP to reactivate eEF1A (reviewed by [1]).
