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The average amount of material required to generate one unit of GDP (material intensity measured as domestic material consumption per GDP) decreased from 2.5 kg per dollar (kg/$) in 1950 to 1.4 kg/$ in 2010 (Fig. 4).
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Indeed indexes like Nef's Happy Planet Index show that countries with very low GDP and material use do far better than "successful", footprint-heavy and relatively unhappy countries.
Three Eurostat country-level socioeconomic indicators were included and tested: the country Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the Material Deprivation rate and the Gini coefficient.
But who wants to know that resource productivity is equal to the level of GDP divided by material consumption?
On the basis of ONS data so far available and survey material, GDP for 2013 Q1 could be a tad positive, thus avoiding a triple dip.
Greece is only 2% of the Euro zones GDP, so its material impact is minimal.
The data are summarized in Fig. 1 which records over time and in per capita terms the development trends of GDP, greenhouse gas emissions, material flows and land use.
The smallest region in terms of land area is home to 5% of the world's population with almost proportional shares in global GDP (4%) and material consumption (6%).
Following isolation of the G proteins on glutathione Sepharose and removal of the GST tag, the purified proteins were loaded with GDP as described in Materials and Methods.
Dependent variable: log ratio of price of printed materials to GDP per capita Breusch-Pagan test of heteroskedasticity: 1.02 (p = 0.31 (Chi2)).
According to the official website of GNH, GDP-based indicators promote rapid material progress at the expense of "environmental preservation, cultures, and community cohesion", the key objectives of GNH.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com