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The crystal structure of Drosophila ATL in complex with GDP forms an unexpected second dimer form similar to human ATL1 in the "pre-fusion" state.
The reviewer asked for comparison of GTP and GDP forms.
GDP forms direct non-bonded contacts with the T1 loop (Gly 21-Gly 22) and T4 loops (Gly 108-Gly 110) (Fig. 4C).
As shown in that study, GDP forms a high affinity complex with RF3, with a nanomolar dissociation constant and a very slow off-rate.
These are Rab proteins, a family of small GTP-binding proteins that regulate different vesicular trafficking steps by cycling between active GTP and inactive GDP forms [ 37, 38].
We therefore infer that like other EB1 proteins on vertebrate microtubules (Zanic et al., 2009; Maurer et al., 2011), Bim1 discriminates between GTP and GDP forms of the yeast microtubule lattice (presumably, expanded and compacted).
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Fukushima gets his data from taking the percentage of a state's GDP (form the National Association of State Budget Officers) that goes to a state's total expenditures (from the Bureau of Economic Analysis).
The recruitment of GRIP domain proteins to the Golgi also requires the presence of another small G protein, Scarl3p, and an integral membrane protein, ScSys1p [62], [62]; Scand3p/GDP and /GDP forms were included in the study, but the mutant used for the GDP form might also be an «empty form»; the model should be revisited according to this new interpretation.
The GTP form may recruit GRIP-domain proteins from the Golgi soluble compartment to Golgi membranes and the GDP form releases them.
In this model, it has been considered that the GDP form of Scarl-1p (HsARL-1) is cytoplasmic, because the mutants Scarl-1p/T32N (HsARL-1/T31N) mutants are cytoplasmic.
RF3 is activated for GTP hydrolysis and rapidly leaves the ribosome in the GDP form.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com