Octanoic acid is firmly retained in a standard solid test meal in the gastric environment.
As is well known, H. pylori stimulates gastrin release19; the resultant initial reduction in pH of the gastric environment makes the stomach inhospitable for microbes.
Drug delivery must overcome numerous hurdles, including the acidic gastric environment and the continuous secretion of mucus that protects the GI tract.
It is characterized by the development of disease-specific autoantibodies and a pathology that specifically targets specialized cells within the gastric environment.
For example, such gene products enable H. pylori to establish itself within the gastric environment and enhance its potential to cause disease.
Our findings can partly explain a reduced efficiency of cyclopamine in a gastric environment, and may help with the rational design of more pH independent cyclopamine analogues.
The phenolic compounds profile, the antioxidant capacity towards reactive oxygen species and the capacity to inhibit the nitrosation reaction (under simulated gastric environment) of white açaí (Euterpe oleracea) was investigated for the first time.
The encapsulated BSA and the integrity of the liposomes remained unchanged with time when the liposomes were digested in a simulated gastric environment, suggesting that the liposomal membrane protected the entrapped BSA from pepsin hydrolysis.
Due to their stability in the gastric environment and avidity, passive administration of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies (Ab) targeting protective Ag might be particularly relevant as a substitute or complement to current therapies.
The insufficient efficacy of oral vaccines is partly due to antigen breakdown in the harsh gastric environment, but also to the high tolerogenic gut environment and to inadequate vaccine design.
However, conventional (marketed) and innovative (under investigation) oral delivery systems must overcome numerous challenges, including the acidic gastric environment, and the poor aqueous solubility and physicochemical instability of many of the approved ARVs.
