Two industrial-scale PSA processes were designed and optimized by simulations, a case similar to natural gas upgrade (but lower inlet pressure) and biogas upgrade.
The cost for a gas upgrade, per net ton of CO2 kept out of the atmosphere, runs to $50.
The cost for a gas upgrade, per net tonne of CO2 kept out of the atmosphere, runs to $55.
Throttling process in the syngas separator is the key contributing mechanism for the irreversibility (1,635 kJ/kg exergy losses) in the gas upgrading block.
Here, we report a porous covalent triazine piperazine linked polymer (CTPP) featuring 3D nanoflower morphology and enhanced capture/removal of CO2, CH4 from air (N2), essential to control greenhouse gas emission and natural gas upgrading.
A biohythane process based on wheat straw including: i) pretreatment, ii) H2 production using Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, iii) CH4 production using an undefined consortium, and iv) gas upgrading using an amine solution, was assessed through process modelling including cost and energy analysis.
Next to the use of green gas, upgrading biogas to bio-LNG could provide an opportunity to replace fossil fuels in these sectors.
In Europe, for instance, the goal is for U.S. LNG to buffer Russian piped gas, upgrading Europe's energy security with more energy supply diversity.
The goal of this LCA study is to assess the environmental impacts related to the production and utilization of transportation biofuels derived from product gas upgrading when torrefied wood pellets, wood pellets, and straw pellets are used as feedstock.
The total input energy includes the energy balances related to the flow of raw materials (Table 1, such as oil seeds or crops, cereals, lignocellulosic wood chips or straw bales), auxiliaries with energetic relevance (e.g., for gas upgrading) and process energy that are supplied externally to the plant.
It is important to find alternatives to nitrogen (N2) sparging, as this dilutes the H2, leading to a lower-grade product or the need for expensive gas upgrading to remove the N2.
