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Continuous CO2 flooding, CO2 WAG flooding, continuous CO2 flooding+one-stage gas channeling control, and continuous CO2 flooding+two-stage gas channeling control were conducted after water flooding in homogeneous and heterogeneous cores and fracture model.
CO2water alternating gas (WAG) flooding combined with gas channeling control treatments are recognized as effective approaches to enlarge the sweep efficiency of CO2.
In 3-D radial flow experiments, the two-stage gas channeling control presented great potential in delaying gas production and improving CO2 flooding efficiency.
Two-stage gas channeling control with three different scenarios, including PLS gel and ethylenediamine, starch gel and ethylenediamine, and starch gel and CO2 foam, was presented to improve the conformance in 3-D fractured-core models.
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Hence, gas channeling blocking and mobility control are important technical issues for the success of CO2 injection.
By means of the idea of acid causing cross-linking reaction, Hou and Yue (2010) developed a plugging agent to control the gas channeling for CO2 flooding.
For the CO2-CSI + GF, the gas injector should inject CO2 at the highest injection rate during the early cycles to displace the foamy oil but should be shut in during the late cycles to control the gas channeling.
The two-stage injection of modified starch gel and etheylenediamine can significantly mitigate the gas channeling within high-capacity gas channel model and fracture model during continuous CO2 flooding, and the incremental oil recovery could be more than 20%.
Two kinds of construction plans for gas channeling treatments have been preliminary designed to control the gas channeling in the pilot.
When the injection volume of N2 foam reached a certain level, foams accumulated in the flow channels, decreased fluid mobility, inhibited the gas channeling, and expanded sweep efficiency.
As an innovative way of Enhancing Oil Recovery (EOR), the air foam flooding technique comprises the merits of air flooding and foam flooding, which not only has the double effects on profile controlling and oil displacement, but also avoids the gas channeling weakness.
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