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Scroll through the alignment and note how strongly similar (conserved) regions have been placed into vertical alignment (the gaps were inserted to account for length differences among the sequences).
No gaps were inserted within the alignment.
If the open reading frame was destroyed due to indels, gaps were inserted to restore it.
To assess to what degree gaps were inserted at correct positions, we used a set of simulated sequences (Capella-Gutierrez et al., 2009).
Coding nucleotide sequences were aligned to correspond (i.e. the gaps were inserted in-frame) to the amino acid sequence alignments of the proteins that they encode.
If gaps were inserted into the existing alignment to align the new sequence in step 3, then corresponding gaps are inserted in the other new sequences in this step.
Similar(53)
Only the aligned query sequence is kept, and gaps are inserted back to the aligned query sequences according to the all-gap mask.
By adapting the profile alignment algorithm, the alignments from the STAP database remain intact, while gaps are inserted and nucleotides are trimmed for the query sequence according to the profile defined by the previous alignments from the databases.
If the two sequences are of different lengths, gaps are inserted to make them of equal length.
We have shown that most gaps are inserted incorrectly, but following a pattern mostly dictated by the guide-tree.
Furthermore, in the recurrences, E i, j) and F i, j) represent the two cases when gaps are inserted because of different sequence length, where a gap is a consecutive run of spaces in an alignment, represented as a dash on a protein/DNA sequence alignment.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com